The Black Codes And The Civil War - 1705 Words

Southern Segregation Slavery was not a word that was unknown in the United States of America; the word was at the tip of almost everyone’s tongue, only it came with many names. After the civil war, slavery became more pronounced for the black people. The south then thought something ought to be done and passed laws called the black codes which begun the limitation of blacks’ rights and separated them from the whites; white supremacy began. Before, these laws would have been unnecessary because most of the black people were slaves and they were already segregated in public places like schools and theatres. In 1866, Congress did not like this and they responded to these laws by putting a stop to it. Republicans had managed to begin reconstruction on the society and understand the black community. But in 1877 things took a turn for the worse when the Democratic parties recovered control and stopped the progress of reconstruction. This in turn caused the reverse of all the progress made in the past few years to understand the black community; they lost their rights to hold political seats, vote and generally participate as though they were members of the community. Slowly but surely, the south started to restore their racially unfair laws. The aim of the laws? To ensure segregation and alienation of the black community. One of the main powers taken away was the right to vote and they did this by imposing poll taxes, having expensive fees to be paid at the voting booths andShow MoreRelatedThe Black Codes And The Civil War1461 Words   |  6 PagesWith the Union victory in the Civil War in 1865, millions of slaves were given their freedom. Although these millions of slaves are now free, the rebuilding on the South during the Reconstruction introduced many obstacles. These obstacles include sharecropping, tenant farming, the â€Å"black codes†, and not to forget the lack of education and rights African Americans had at the time. Sharecropping is consisted of a slave renting land from a white man and having to give up a portion of their crops atRead MoreThe Civil War And The American War Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe war with the most death of Americans was not the World Wars, Cold War, Vietnam War or Korean War, but the Civil War. The Civil War is one of the most monumental moments in the United States that threaten the stability of the Union. The United States was split into two opposing sides, the Union and the Confederates, with opposing ideas; Americans pinned against one another in combat for their ideals and goals. The Civil War has multiple causes, but the most renowned reason was the abolishmentRead MoreBlack Codes And Jim Crow944 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Codes and Jim Crow â€Å"For the next several decades, at least, we will suffer this racial future of colorblind white dominance† Ian Haney-Là ³pez argues in his book White by Law, however America today, though colorblind as America may be, is in a much better place than the times of the Black Codes and Jim Crow laws. These laws restricted the freedoms of African Americans living in the United States that just became free men and women after the turn of the Civil War. The Black Codes were laws passedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War859 Words   |  4 Pagesrespectively. Naturally, Americans denoted these momentous legislative feats, collectively packaged as the Reconstruction Amendments, as a means of celebration for African-Americans. However, in order to rectify the extensive damage that the American Civil War caused on the South’s infrastructure, labor systems, and economy, white Americans went to extreme lengths via the legal system in order to mimic the antebellum practices of slavery in the South. As newly freed African-Americans sought to exerciseRead MoreThe Freedom And Full Citizenship Of All African Americans907 Words   |  4 Pagesof this the south seceded and formed the confederate states of America. Shortly after, the civil war begun with the attack on fort Sumter and more southern states seceded. During the civil war Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation that freed all the slaves in the states that secede d, this was the first step to the freedom and full citizenship of all African Americans. During the time of the civil war and reconstruction period constitutional and social developments moderately influenced a revolutionRead MoreConstitutional Developments During The Period Between 1860 And 1877 Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthe period between 1860 and 1877, many major changes occurred in America. There were many constitutional developments in this time period, which include the Emancipation Proclamation, the Civil War, and newly added Amendments. There were also many social developments included the Ku Klux Klan and voting of black people. Some of these developments were a revolution, which is a forcible overthrow of the government or social order in favor of a new system, and some were not. The constitutional developmentsRead MoreIn What Ways Were the Byzantine and Islamic Civilizations Different from Civilizations Developing in Western Europe? in What Ways Are They Similar?984 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: The Black Codes of the South Although this book is titled, â€Å"The Black Codes of the South,† the writer begins his story discussing slavery, then leads up to emancipation, where four million slaves were freed. The freedom of slaves brought about the enactment of the Black Codes in the southern states. Interestingly, the writer includes newspaper sources from the South, as well as the North, excerpts from various plantation owners ‘diaries, notices and laws. The Black Codes came to fruitionRead MoreEssay about The History of the American Civil War1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil war, also know as the War Between the States, was a bloody war to end slavery. It all started with eleven states seceding from the Union to form their own nation to be able to enslave the African American. The eleven states formed the Confederate States of America, also known as Confederacy, under their president Jefferson Davis. The Civil war came about in 1861 as the North wanted stop the eleven southern st ates from seceding and forming their own nation just so they can upholdRead MoreAfrican American Oppression Following The Civil War875 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American Oppression Following the Civil War Following The Civil War, close to four million slaves were freed, but they were still faced with the systematic oppression of their past. Due to President Johnson’s support of state’s rights, many white southerners were able to place authority over newly freed slaves by establishing Black Codes, the KKK, and segregation. The new freedoms gained by African Americans following the civil war were insignificant because white superiority was heavilyRead MoreThe Challenges African Americans Faced in America963 Words   |  4 Pagesinflammatory issue between the northern and southern states, which would lead to the Civil War. During the war, President Abraham Lincoln had a view that slaves should be free to live their own lives. President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in an effort to abolish slavery nationwide. After the Civil War was over, it did not end the oppression of African Americans. For a number of decades following the war, African Americans will face a tremendous amount of racism, prejudice and oppression

Foreign Policy Decision Making Process - 2077 Words

When Russia annexed the Crimean peninsula in March of 2014, it set in motion a chain of events that have lead to the ongoing Ukraine crisis, a more unified and strengthened Europe, and a weakened Russia. While the Ukraine crisis has highlighted some internal flaws within the E.U. Foreign Policy decision-making process, the E.U. has emerged stronger vis-à  -vis Russia due to the member state’s willingness to work together throughout the crisis to create a ‘European’ response. This agreement of the E.U. member states was only possible because of the common and universal condemnation of Russian aggression across the continent. From a hawkish Poland, ever vigilant of Russian expansion and aggression, to a more ‘dove-ish’ Germany constantly acting as a bridge to the East, Europe came together on an institutional and national basis during the Ukraine crisis. In addition to the EU and member state response, the NATO response to the crisis, is just as, if not more important. Together these national and institutional interests have come together, challenged each other, and lead to a tougher, more heightened relationship with Europe’s eastern neighbor, Russia. The position and reaction of Germany to the Ukraine crisis is formulated by a decades old policy of Ostpolitik merging with a new concept of a Europe that is being lead by Germany. Dating back to the Cold War era, Germany has tried to act as a bridge and a source of de-escalation between the East, Russia, and the West, theShow MoreRelatedThe Simulation Exercise On Foreign Policy Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pageshow to make decisions in the U.S foreign policy. The members of the cabinet are instructed by the president to use one model in their decision making process. The secretaries follow a Bureaucratic Politics model, each Cabinet member instructed to make a particular decision based on his/her organizational agendas. The President is free to follow whatever process he find it appropriate. Several situation updates during the exercise according to the crisis atmosphere of the decision making. In the endRead MoreForeign Policy - Actors, Theories, Cases1453 Words   |  6 PagesForeign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases Chapter 1 – The History and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis by Valerie M. Hudson Key Points * Foreign Policy: The strategy or approach chosen by the national government to achieve its goals in its relations with external entities; includes decisions to do nothing * Foreign Policy Analysis: seeks to explain foreign policy, or FP behavior, with reference to the theoretical ground of human decision makers, acting singly and in groups. * ClassicalRead MoreThe Weaknesses of Bureaucracies in Foreign Policy1786 Words   |  7 PagesThe weaknesses of bureaucracies in foreign policy Though bureaucracies offer plenty of advantages for foreign policy making, they still have various weaknesses that undermine the process. Firstly, bureaucracies always base their work on standard operation procedures or SOPs as the important factor for the process of decision making. Since the bureaucrat tasks based on SOPs, as the formal rule, are considered to be efficient. Though, SOPs can be changed when they are faced with serious problemsRead MoreThe Military Industrial Complex On Foreign Policy Decision Making Essay1429 Words   |  6 Pagesexerts great pressure on the foreign policy decision making process of the United States government. This sad state of affairs is the result of a multitude of factors, including iron triangles and issue networks, as well as the foreign policy bureaucracies that serve as actors within these paradigms. In order to fully understand the influence of the military industrial complex on foreign policy decision making, one must first understand the role of the foreign policy bureaucracies in our governmentRead MoreThe Roles of The National Security Enterprise 1301 Words   |  5 PagesNational Security Enterprise (NSE) is the overarching government apparatus responsible for national security decision making. This is generally thought of as the National Security Council (NSC) and the Department and Agencies they represent. However, Roger Z George and Harvey Rishikof point out in The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth that national security decision-making may rest with the President and the NSC but is significantly influenced by the Modern Media (including theRead MoreLeadership : The Public Policy Process1299 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: LEADERSHIP 1 Leadership in the Public Policy Process Sharon Lockhart Foundations of Public Administration/PPA601 Dr. LaQuita Gray-Baker April 3, 2017Read More Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Politics and Foreign Policy Although the aspirations and goals of states are often motivated by external political pressures, analysis of recent foreign policy decisions demonstrates how internal political forces can play equally crucial roles in the pursuit and execution of these objectives. Thus, it would be invalid to claim that domestic politics and the nature of regimes play minor roles in either the goals a state pursues or the means it employs to reach them. By understandingRead MorePresident Of The United States1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthat had few international ties and virtually no standing Army. Today the President of the Unites States is among the most powerful figure in the world. As a chief diplomat and most powerful person of the country, President is the dominant force in foreign policymaking. President as chief executive of the country is expected to appoint the people to policymaking positions. Article II of the constitution stipulates, â€Å"The executive power shall be vested in a president,† and it charges him to â€Å"take careRead MoreForeign Policy Is Shaped Based On The Best Interests Of The Country1600 Words   |  7 PagesForeign policy is shaped based on the best interests of the country. When establishing foreign policies, the focus will be on advancing the goals of the nation. Foreign policy guides how America conducts business as well as develops political, and social relations with other countries. National interests covers a wide array of topics from trade, to economics, to terrorism. When America was first established, the only goals was to prevent European dominance. Once Europe was prevented from colonizingRead MoreWalter Lippmanns Views on Presidential Ability to Make U.S. Foreign Policy1446 Words   |  6 PagesWalter Lippmanns Views on Pre sidential Ability to Make U.S. Foreign Policy In his book entitled Public Opinion Walter Lippmann presents some very profound arguments on how public opinion is formed and how mach value it has. He describes in great detail the decision making process and how our own stereotypes affect our perception of events. Lippmann expresses his disillusionment with mass democracy, his concerns about propaganda and how the press could not be trusted to provide unbiased information

How Fairuz can increase productivity without neglecting service quality Free Essays

string(77) " servers and miscellaneous employees \(O’Fallon Rutherford, 2011\)\." Introduction Service quality is defined as the gap that exists between customer expectations and their perception of the service. Service productivity, on the other hand, is defined as the effectiveness with which resource inputs are transformed to produce value for customers (Barnes, 2003). In the hospitality industry, customer satisfaction is achievable through ensuring that they are provided with the best possible service quality. We will write a custom essay sample on How Fairuz can increase productivity without neglecting service quality or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will not only determine their satisfaction, but also their possibility to return or recommend the company to other potential customers. Just like quality is paramount, it is also vital to ensure that productivity is at its optimum so as to cater for all customers, especially during peak seasons (Grigoroudis Siskos, 2009). In this regard, companies are expected to ensure that service quality does not compromise productivity, and vice versa. This report presents a proposal for Fairuz, a Lebanese restaurant that operates in London, on the approaches that can be used to increase their service quality without overlooking productivity. The restaurant serves Lebanese food, and has a seating capacity of 75 clients at any given time (Fairuz, 2014). By applying the strategies that are suggested in this proposal, the company will be able to increase customer satisfaction and reduce operation costs. Proposal There are several aspects of Fairuz that ought to be addressed in increasing service quality and the overall productivity of the restaurant. As this proposal aims to make these improvements at Fairuz, it will focus on improving the position of the restaurant in the market by making it more competitive than other restaurants of its level. Improving Productivity This section presents the approaches that Fairuz restaurant needs to use in order to increase its service productivity. Though there are many approaches that can be used to achieve this, this paper suggests three approaches that Fairuz can use. These include improving employee productivity, using key performance indicators to measure productivity and utilization of technology (Assaf et al., 2011). Employee productivity Productivity of employees in service companies is largely dependent on human resource practices or policies used. The collective efforts that are made by employees towards the attainment of organizational objectives vary with the effectiveness of the human resource department (Bratton Gold, 2012). The most appropriate way in which their productivity can be increased is through applying different employee motivation strategies. These include offering reasonable remunerations, bonuses and rewards (Hartnett et al., 2011). Employees at Fairuz can also be made more productive by standardizing all processes, procedures and policies in the organization to create a sense of order. This saves time and maximizes efficiency (Medeiros et al., 2012). Even though these can be achieved at Fairuz, they may be hampered by high employee turnover because Fairuz’s budget may not allow it to compete with larger companies in terms of employee salaries. Small restaurants are always faced with the r isk of losing employees to larger organizations. Measuring performance through key performance indicators Performance indicators that can be used by Fairuz to measure its performance, to establish flaws and make improvements, vary with the different departments. In regard to staff, the restaurant has to ensure that it has a sustainable wage cost (Sainaghi et al., 2013). This can be done hiring small but sufficient number of employees to cater for the 75 guests that the restaurant targets to serve. This will reduce the wage burden in the company and also make it possible to remunerate them well. Labour or wage costs can also be minimized by ensuring that employee turnover is minimized, given that it is nearly impossible to completely eliminate it, especially in restaurants. Costs that could be used in training new staff members monthly or weekly can then be directed to more productive activities in the organization (Choi et al., 2012). Other key performance indicators that can be used by Fairuz to determine its performance include seating efficiency, stock value, costs of food and profita bility (Sainaghi et al., 2013). Using Technology to increase Productivity Most of the companies in the services sector, which include restaurants, are fast adapting to the technological changes taking place in the industry to increase productivity and efficiency in service delivery (Tzeng Chang, 2011). Fairuz can use technology in all its departments to achieve an increase in productivity. For instance, it can acquire modern ovens or stoves for its kitchen that can be used to prepare more of food in a shorter time and on less energy. This not only makes it possible for the company to cater for many customers, but also increases its efficiency (Sloan et al., 2009). Technology can also be used to ease communication among employees within the restaurant. In this case, one of the technological equipment that Fairuz should acquire is the kitchen display system. This system provides real-time updates and information about food orders that have been made by clients and also monitors the speed of service (Katsigris Thomas, 2008). This is quite effective and time -saving than the traditional approach where servers had to take orders from clients then go to inform chefs in the kitchen. This consumes more time and is prone to human error. Whilst it is expected that technology will contribute towards an increase in efficiency and productivity, Fairuz has to consider that the initial costs to be incurred in setting up these technologies and training employees on how to use them is quite high. Therefore, an analysis needs to be done to establish the most ideal technologies to implement, which will assure it of a good return on investment (Allen, 2011). Improving quality Even as Fairuz strategizes to improve its productivity, it is also vital for it to ensure that the quality of service is not compromised. Thus, this section explains approaches that the restaurant can use to increase the quality of provided to its clients. Ensuring employee competence Restaurants have different departments that require different skills and competencies in executing their respective responsibilities. They can be classified into managers, chefs, servers and miscellaneous employees (O’Fallon Rutherford, 2011). You read "How Fairuz can increase productivity without neglecting service quality" in category "Essay examples" To ensure quality, Fairuz has to ensure that it hires employees that have the required qualifications and experience needed in delivering their required duties. In addition to this regular training sessions have to be organized to improve their competencies. If employees are competent, the chances of substandard service quality are greatly reduced (O’Fallon Rutherford, 2011). The fact that the restaurant serves Lebanese food means that the majority of clients are Lebanese. Thus, the company needs to ensure that a section of its employees are familiar with the Lebanese culture, foods and other dimensions that may affect their service perception. Being a small restaurant that mainly targets the Lebanese population, it may be challenging to hire the best talent since people with skills in this industry often target to work for larger organizations (Jang George, 2012). Therefore, Fairuz may be limited to selecting low-income people who may not be quite competent and provide them with on-job training to improve their competence. This approach can mainly be applicable for selecting employees in positions that do not require special skills, like waiters. Utilizing quality measurement tools It is quite vital for organizations to ensure that they have an ideal framework that they can use to gauge their quality of service. This involves benchmarking the company’s current progress, identifying the problems that might exist, predicting future outcomes and using key quality indicators that are applicable in the restaurant business to establish their position in terms service quality (Barnes, 2003 ). For Fairuz restaurant, measuring service quality should be done by comparing customer expectations and their perception of service. Whereas all restaurants work to meet or exceed customer expectations, there are several factors that may limit their capabilities to attain this objective. It is thus vital for Fairuz to collect regular client feedback to enable it establish any flaws that may exist in its service delivery and make the necessary changes (Grigoroudis Siskos, 2009). One of the most convenient ways that Fairuz can do this is through requesting waiters and receptionists to ask guests whether the meals met their expectations. The company also needs to link its website to a third-party review website like Tripadvisor, which will be vital in monitoring any customer feedback any time a review about the restaurant is made. Other approaches that can be used to do this include sending follow-up emails to clients and engaging more with clients over social media avenues. Positive feedback is an indicator of good service, while negative feedback indicates that the service offered is substandard and appropriate measures need to be taken to improve. One challenge that can be associated with this approach is that some clients’ views may be biased or in some cases, clients may provide conflicting feedback. Making comparisons with competitors in the market Perception of services at Fairuz is relative to clients’ perceptions of services in other neighbouring restaurants. In this regard, Fairuz will only be the preferred choice if its service quality is considered to be netter than that of its competitors (Grigoroudis Siskos, 2009). To obtain a competitive edge over other restaurants, Fairuz has to ensure that it utilizes customer feedback so as to align its services with the customer preferences. Due to the fact that customer tastes and preferences are prone to regular change, Fairuz also needs to carry out regular customer research by collection of customer feedback to decide on what changes it should consider making (Barnes, 2003). Through tertiary monitoring websites or by visiting its competitors’ social media sites, Fairuz can be able to identify the core strengths and weaknesses of its competitors. These will be instrumental in ensuring that makes its services better than those of its competitors (Kalluri Kodali, 2 013). However, whereas it is assumed that Fairuz is only in competition with restaurants of its level, there could be other bigger restaurants with unmatched capabilities that may be targeting the same clients. This poses a great threat to Fairuz. Using Technology to Improve Service Quality Service quality in restaurants can be improved through incorporating several technological solutions. Whereas food is a major part or determinant of customer satisfaction, the whole experience of customers in the restaurant is also dependent on several factors (Tzeng Chang, 2011). For instance, Fairoz can ease the process of making reservations by providing an option for it on its website. In addition, free Wi-Fi can be provided in the restaurant for clients who are interested in surfing the internet when having a meal at the restaurant. Technology can also be used in the collection of customer feedback, which is vital in improving the service quality at Fairuz. The most appropriate cost-effective approach that is relevant to the present-day customer is social media sites like Facebook and Twitter (Tuten Solomon, 2012). Fairuz has to consider subscribing and increasing its activity on social media to monitor customer feedback. Point of Sale (POS) systems are also ideal feedback co llection systems for restaurants. Though the mentioned technologies improve the service experience of customers and can also be used by the company to improve its service production, there are certain disadvantages that may arise. For instance free Wi-Fi might expose some clients to internet threats, especially those who may be unaware of how to secure their information when online (Cheema Papatla, 2010). Conclusion Service quality and service productivity are both vital for service based companies, which include restaurants. Therefore, as companies strive to increase their productivity, it is also necessary for them to ensure that service quality is also improved, and vice versa. This proposal has provided suggestions of approaches that can be used to improve service production and service quality at Fauruz, a small scale Lebanese restaurant that is based in London. The suggestions that have been presented include effective human resource management approaches, utilization of quality and production measurement approaches, and incorporating technology in the restaurant’s operations. Though these recommendations have a high potential of increasing service quality and productivity, some of the limitations associated with them have also been provided. Whereas this proposal has provided suggestions for Fairuz, they can also be applicable to other companies in the industry. References Allen, K.R., 2011. Launching New Ventures: An Entrepreneurial Approach. Mason: Cengage Learining. Assaf, A.G., Deery, M. Jago, L., 2011. Evaluating the performance and scale characteristics of the Australian restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research, 35(4), pp.419-36. Barnes, J.G., 2003. Establishing Meaningful Customer relationships: Why some Companies and Brands Mean More to the Customers. Managing Service Quality, 13(3), pp.178-86. Bratton, J. Gold, J., 2012. Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice (5th edition). London: Palgrave. Cheema, A. Papatla, P., 2010. Relative importance of online versus offline information for Internet purchases: Product category and Internet experience effects. Journal of Business Research, 63(9), pp.979-85. Choi, S., Cheong, K.K. Feinberg, R.A., 2012. Moderating effects of supervisor support, monetary rewards, and career paths on the relationship between job burnout and turnover intentions in the context of call centers. Managing Service Quality, 22(5), pp.492-516. Fairuz, 2014. About Us. [Online] Available at: http://www.fairuz.uk.com/pages/about_us.htm [Accessed 29 April 2014]. Grigoroudis, E. Siskos, Y., 2009. Customer Satisfaction Evaluation: Methods for Measuring and Implementing Service Quality. London: Springer. Hartnett, H.P. et al., 2011. Employers’ perceptions of the benefits of workplace accommodations: Reasons to hire, retain and promote people with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 34(1), pp.17-23. Jang, J. George, R.T., 2012. Understanding the influence of polychronicity on job satisfaction and turnover intention: A study of non-supervisory hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(2), pp.588-95. Kalluri, V. Kodali, R., 2013. Benchmarking the Quality Function Deployment Models. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 20(6), pp.6-13. Katsigris, C. Thomas, ?., 2008. Design and Equipment for Restaurants and Foodservice. New Jersy: John Wiley Sons. Medeiros, C.O., Cavalli, S.B. da Costa Proenca, R.P., 2012. Human resources administration processes in commercial restaurants and food safety: The actions of administrators. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), pp.667-74. O’Fallon, M.J. Rutherford, ?.G., 2011. Hotel Management and Operations. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P. Corti, V., 2013. Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives’ approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, pp.150-59. Sloan, P., Legrand, ?. Chen, ?.S., 2009. Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry. New Jersey: Routledge. Tuten, T.L. Solomon, M.R., 2012. Social Media Marketing. New York: Prentice Hall. Tzeng, G.H. Chang, H.F., 2011. Applying importance-performance analysis as a service quality measure in food service industry. Journal of technology management innovation, 6(3), pp.106-15. How to cite How Fairuz can increase productivity without neglecting service quality, Essay examples

Brooks Gwendolyn Poet Essay Research Paper Brooks free essay sample

Brooks, Gwendolyn Poet Essay, Research Paper Brooks, Gwendolyn Poet, author. Born June 7, 1917, in Topeka, Kansas. Throughout most of the 20th century, Gwendolyn Brooks was a lyrical chronicler of the black urban experience in America. In 1950, she became the first Afro-american poet to win the Pulitzer Prize. Brooks grew up on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois. She began composing poesy as a immature miss, and by the age of 16 had begun printing her verse forms on a regular basis in The Chicago Defender. She attended the Woodrow Wilson Junior College in Chicago before get marrieding a fellow author, Henry L. Blakely, in 1939. The twosome lived together in Chicago, disassociating in 1969 but reuniting in 1973. They had two kids, Nora Brooks Blakely and Henry Blakely Jr. Brooks earned a good trade of critical attending in 1945 with the publication of her first anthology of poesy, A Street in Bronzeville. ( # 8220 ; Bronzeville # 8221 ; was Brooks # 8217 ; name for the predominately Afro-american South Side of Chicago. We will write a custom essay sample on Brooks Gwendolyn Poet Essay Research Paper Brooks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Over the following several old ages, Brooks won a grant from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and several families from the Guggenheim Foundation. She published her 2nd volume of poetry, Annie Allen, in 1949. The book, which followed a Bronzeville miss throughout the phases of her life, was written in a loose, experimental signifier that Brooks called the # 8220 ; sonnet-ballad. # 8221 ; Annie Allen won the Pulitzer Prize the undermentioned twelvemonth, catapulting Brooks to a whole new degree of literary and popular acclamation. A novel, Maud Martha ( 1953 ) , was less successful than Brooks # 8217 ; poesy, which continued to run into with critical and popular success throughout the following decennary. A aggregation of kids # 8217 ; s verse forms, entitled Bronzeville Boys and Girls ( 1956 ) , was followed by The Bean Eaters ( 1960 ) , widely considered to incorporate some of her finest poetry, and Selected Poems ( 1963 ) . In the latter half of the sixtiess, Brooks # 8217 ; poesy became mroe extremist and excessively K on a more expressed tone of societal concern, a passage that coincided with the politically charged ambiance of the decennary and the influence of the black power motion among Afro-american authors and minds. Her following volume of poesy, In the Mecca ( 1968 ) , told the black narrative of people populating in the Mecca, a big, fortress-like flat edifice on the South Side that had deteriorated into a slum. The book clearly displayed Brooks’ new political consciousness, including a verse form entitled â€Å"Malcolm X, † after the black hawkish leader who was assassinated in 1965. In the Mecca was nominated for the National Book Award. It was besides the last of Brooks # 8217 ; books published by a mainstream publishing house, Harper A ; Row. Her following book, Riot ( 1969 ) was published by Broadside Press, a little, black-owned company based in Detroit. With a freshly political tone and without a mainstream publishing house, Brooks # 8217 ; later plants frequently received small attending from the critics at major publications. However, she remained a major literary figure throughout the following several decennaries, printing more than a twelve volumes of poesy, including Aloneness ( 1971 ) , To Disembark ( 1981 ) , The Near-Johannesburg Boy, and Other Poems ( 1986 ) , Blacks ( 1987 ) , Winnie ( 1988 ) , and Children Coming Home ( 1991 ) . Brooks besides published many nonfiction rubrics, most notably Report from Part One ( 1972 ) , an gathering of autobiographical Hagiographas, letters, and interviews, and Report from Part Two, published in 1996. In 1968, Brooks succeeded Carl Sandburg as the poet laureate of Illinois. She received a lifetime achievement award from the National Endowment of the Humanistic disciplines in 1989 every bit good as from the National Book Foundation in 1994. Besides in 1994, she was selected by the National Endowment of the Humanities to be its Jefferson Lecturer. She won the National Medal of Arts in 1995 and has received over 50 honorary grades. Brooks died of malignant neoplastic disease on December 3, 2000, at her place in Chicago. She was 83 old ages old.